If a web server accepts input from the user and passes it to a Bash shell, to which attack method is it vulnerable?

The situation described indicates that a web server takes user input and passes it directly to a Bash shell. This setup is particularly vulnerable to command injection attacks. In a command injection attack, an attacker can manipulate the input in such a way that arbitrary commands are executed by the shell.

When input validation and sanitization are not strictly enforced, or when user input is incorrectly handled, an attacker can insert malicious commands into the input fields. For example, if a user is allowed to input a string that will eventually be executed in the shell, they could input something like ; rm -rf / which would execute the command to delete files indiscriminately. The web server inadvertently executes these commands as if they were legitimate, leading to severe security breaches, such as data loss or system compromise.

While input validation is always critical for security, simply not validating input does not uniquely identify command injection; it could also lead to other vulnerabilities. Hash collision deals with cryptographic weaknesses, and integer overflow concerns the handling of numerical data types, neither of which is relevant to the execution of shell commands via user input.

Thus, the vulnerability to command injection is a significant concern for any system that executes user-supplied data in this manner, highlighting the importance of securing