What does the term "malware" encompass?

The term "malware" is a concise way to refer to malicious software that is specifically crafted to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or devices. Malware can take various forms, including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, and spyware, among others. The primary purpose of malware is to perform harmful actions, like stealing sensitive information, damaging files, or making systems inoperable.

Understanding the implications of malware is crucial for cybersecurity because its detection and prevention are foundational to protecting digital assets and maintaining the integrity of systems. The other options do not fit the definition of malware; rather, they describe software designed for positive functions or enhancement, which is fundamentally opposite to the nature of malware.