What does the term 'malware' encompass?

The term 'malware' refers to any software specifically created to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system. This broad definition encompasses various types of malicious software, including viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, adware, and more. Each of these categories represents different methodologies and intentions behind the software's creation and deployment, all with the common goal of negatively impacting systems, stealing information, or gaining unauthorized access.

While some software can cause damage like viruses that corrupt files, malware includes a wider range of threats not limited to just file damage. For instance, spyware can monitor user activity without their consent, and ransomware can encrypt files to extort money from the user. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of malware highlights not only its diverse forms but also the numerous ways it can compromise both individual and organizational systems.

In contrast, options that focus solely on specific types of malicious software or legitimate applications with flaws do not capture the full scope of what malware represents. Recognizing malware as a general category allows for better identification and mitigation strategies in cybersecurity practices.