What is network segmentation?

Network segmentation refers to the practice of dividing a larger computer network into smaller, isolated sub-networks or segments. This approach is implemented for several reasons, primarily to enhance performance and security.

By creating smaller segments, data traffic can be more efficiently managed. Each segment can tune its performance based on the needs of its specific users or applications, reducing congestion and improving response times. When segments are isolated, it also becomes easier to apply specific security policies tailored to the needs of each sub-network.

From a security perspective, segmentation limits the exposure of critical assets. If a breach occurs in one segment, the isolation prevents it from easily spreading to other parts of the network, thereby containing potential threats and minimizing the impact of malicious activities. In essence, network segmentation improves overall network management, performance, and security posture.

Combining all servers into a single network would generally create a larger attack surface and potentially lead to performance bottlenecks. Increasing the number of devices for redundancy does not inherently address performance or security and may contribute to operational complexity. Using a single firewall to protect all devices, while simplifying some aspects of network security, does not provide the tailored protection or performance benefits that segmentation offers.