What is the primary function of access control lists (ACL)?

Access control lists (ACLs) play a crucial role in network security by defining the permissions associated with network resources. Their primary function is to specify which users or devices are authorized to access particular resources and the type of access they are granted, such as read, write, or execute permissions. This capability helps in enforcing security policies and ensuring that only authenticated and authorized entities are allowed to interact with sensitive information or critical systems.

ACLs are implemented within networking devices such as routers and switches, controlling traffic flowing into and out of a network. This control mechanism helps prevent unauthorized access and protects network resources from potential threats. By clearly outlining who or what can access specific data or services, ACLs provide a structured way of managing network security and maintaining the integrity of the data.

The other options address different aspects of network management and security. Monitoring network traffic for anomalies is typically associated with intrusion detection systems rather than ACLs. Encryption of sensitive information falls under data protection techniques, while logging user access patterns over time relates to auditing and monitoring but does not define access permissions like ACLs do.