Which of the following is an IDS that monitors and analyzes data while logging malicious behavior?

The option that describes an intrusion detection system (IDS) which monitors and analyzes data while logging malicious behavior is host-based intrusion detection. Host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) operate by being installed directly on a host (such as a server or workstation), allowing them to monitor and analyze the activities occurring within that host. HIDS typically examines system logs, file integrity, and application activities, enabling it to detect suspicious behavior indicative of an intrusion.

This capability to log activities and analyze local data makes HIDS effective for identifying malicious behavior as it relates directly to a specific machine. It can also provide alerts based on predefined rules or behaviors that are characteristic of attacks or unauthorized access.

In contrast, network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS), while also capable of monitoring for malicious behavior, focus on network traffic and analyze packets flowing across the network. While both HIDS and NIDS serve important roles in a comprehensive security strategy, the distinct focus of HIDS on the host level is what makes it the correct answer in this context.